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      • On this page...
      • Guiding Principle 18
      • Guiding Principle 22
      • UDHR Article 25
      • UDHR Article 19
      • Additional Information
      • For more on the issue of privatisation and related threat of evictions, see the glossary.

      Georgia

      Standard of living - housing and threat of evictions


      Guiding Principle 18

      1. All internally displaced persons have the right to an adequate standard of living.

      2. At the minimum, regardless of the circumstances, and without discrimination, competent authorities shall provide internally displaced persons with and ensure safe access to:
      (b) Basic shelter and housing;

      Back to topGuiding Principle 22

      1. Internally displaced persons, whether or not they are living in camps, shall not be discriminated against as a result of their displacement in the enjoyment of the following rights:
      (a) The rights to freedom of thought, conscience, religion or belief, opinion and expression;

      Back to topUDHR Article 25

      1. Everyone has the right to a standard of living adequate for the health and well-being of himself and of his family, including food, clothing, housing and medical care and necessary social services, and the right to security in the event of unemployment, sickness, disability, widowhood, old age or other lack of livelihood in circumstances beyond his control.

      Back to topUDHR Article 19

      Everyone has the right to freedom of opinion and expression; this right includes freedom to hold opinions without interference and to seek, receive and impart information and ideas through any media and regardless of frontiers.



      The right to housing, derived from the right to an adequate standard of living, is the right to live somewhere in security, peace and dignity. One of the elements of the concept of adequacy as it pertains to housing is that of legal security of tenure. While tenure can take a variety of forms, including rental accommodation, emergency housing and informal settlements, everybody should have a degree of security of tenure which guarantees legal protection against forced evictions and threats. It is a responsibility of competent authorities to take measures, in consultation with affected people, to confer legal security of tenure upon people lacking such protection. (1) Consultation, in turn, presupposes availability of information.

      Because internally displaced people do not have property rights to their accommodation in collective centres, their security of tenure is weak. Over the past few years the government has accelerated the privatisation of hotels and other public buildings housing IDPs. As a result, thousands of IDPs have left or have been evicted from their residences, sometimes with little or no compensation. (2) The ongoing privatisation and threat of evictions add to concerns many displaced people feel. One of these is fear of being displaced again. The uncertainty is further aggravated as IDPs lack information on the process and they are often not consulted. When evictions become imminent, they do not know what to do and who to appeal to.



      We live under constant pressure, we're afraid that we will be turned out of here; we don't know what will happen next. You can see what’s going on in different places; they're turning people out everywhere. Nobody has said anything officially, but generally people are [talking about the issue of privatisation. People are afraid that they will be deceived, that the documents they're given will be fraudulent, and things like that. No investor has appeared yet. If there is an investor, maybe things will finally become clear. Otherwise we don't know yet whether we'll be moved elsewhere or, if we do leave, whether they'll give us some kind of a compensation. The main thing is to buy something with the money they will give us.

      I remember when we first arrived in Tbilisi, it was possible to buy an apartment for 3,000-4,000 [US dollars]. Now the prices are so high that it is impossible to buy anything even for the 7,000 [dollars] usually offered usually by investors. I am a mother of four children and there are six of us living in this family - how are we going to live in one-room apartment? And, in general, will it be possible to buy an apartment for 7,000 [dollars]Read more

      Inga, 38 years

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      All my grandchildren were born here, apart from the older one. They study here. The head of the school in Tskneti received us very well; she never left us without attention. But I don’t know what will happen now, if we are evicted and thrown out somewhere else [as a result of privatisation]. We are used to our neighbours from Gali, Sukhumi, Gulripshi, well, from Ochamchire. We survive by staying together… We are used to one another and we don’t want to be separated until we return to Abkhazia. We won’t manage to buy anything. How can we buy anything? What can we buy on 11 laris and 38 laris [a month]?

      My son is a маршутка (‘minibus driver’ in Russian). And we make ends meet with that. However, they might cancel the route. What can we do then? They don’t want the маршутка to work. The authorities here don’t want that. I don’t know what we’ll do. We’ll be left with our mouths open like starlings [with nothing to eat].

      Now I don’t know what will happen to us. I think [pauses]…someone wants to purchase our houses. We might once again become refugees (IDPs). Where shall we go? There are six of us, and where shall we go, where?

      It will be difficult for us to go somewhere else. We are used to one another. Our children have grown up side by side. We rely on one another. I am sick, I have high blood pressure. I spend every night thinking about where to go, how to help my children. What can a sick woman like me do?

      Or what can you buy? [Pauses] After they vacated the Iveria and the Adjara [hotels] the price of houses increased. Previously, you could buy a two-room flat for 5,000 [US dollars]. Now it costs 20,000. What can you buy with 7,000 or 8,000 [dollars of compensation money]. Where shall we take the children, or where shall we go? I wish they'd leave us alone. Whether it’s good here or bad, we’re used to it. We’ve lived here for so many years.

      But well, everything depends on the government. They can throw us out of here or they can leave us here as they please. There was some talk that they wouldn’t touch us until the return took place. I hope that's true. All I want is to go to Sukhumi. I’d like to bury my son and my husband in the cemetery. I want to die there too… I don’t want to leave them without anyone taking care of their graves. They have no one there to light candles in their memory.Read more

      Tsisana, 65 years

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      It’s very difficult to live here in the collective centre. They came the other day to carry out the registration process as they’re going to evict us. We held protest meetings… No one knows what’s going to happen… We don’t know when we’ll get thrown out of here. We can’t do repairs or anything. Every three months we expect to be evicted. Even changing the wallpaper makes no sense in view of the money wasted. I’m scared. I constantly worry about food. What will we eat today? What will we eat tomorrow?Read more

      Roza, 65 years

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      It’s appalling that force is used to throw IDPs out of collective centres [when they are sold to private investors, privatisation]. This is no different from the behaviour of the Abkhazians and the Russians. Our government treats us the way the Russians did. So far we haven’t been threatened with being thrown out. However, I expect that to happen. It sometimes happens that the IDPs don’t know who to appeal to when there’s trouble. Actually they are in a passive state. They think they are not threatened with eviction, so they stay put.Read more

      Eliso, 27 years

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      (1) The right to adequate housing (Article 11(1)):13/12/91, CESCR General Comment 4 and The right to adequate housing (Article 11(1)): forced evictions: 20/05/97, CESCR General Comment 7.
      (2) Gregory Scarborough, UNICEF Consultant, Tamar Tavartkiladze, Norwegian Refugee Council, Anna Arganashvili, October 2006, Rapid Assessment on the Protection and Livelihoods situation of Internally Displaced Children and Youth Living in Collective Centers in the Republic of Georgia.
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      Photo: NRC Georgia
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